Phloxine B (Acid Red 92) & D&C Red 28: Safety Rules You Need to Know
Phloxine B, also known as phloxine, is a water-soluble red dye widely used for coloring cosmetics and drugs in the United States and food in Japan. It is produced from fluorescein; however, it seems different because of the presence of four bromine atoms at positions 2, 4, 5, and 7 of the xanthene ring and four chlorine atoms in the carboxyphenyl ring.
Phenoxide B has a maximum absorption wavelength of 540 nm and a maximum emission wavelength of 564 nm. In addition to its industrial applications, the antimicrobial substance phloxine B has also been used in biological staining, viability dye, and antiseptic preparations.
The effects of Phloxine B and Acid Red 92 are inhibited by chemically damaging xanthene compounds, which are xanthene dyes used as photosensitizers in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) to inhibit mycobacterial growth and fungal infection, such as fungal keratitis. Cell cytoplasm and connective tissue are stained red with hematoxylin-phloxine-saffron (HPS).
What is Phloxine B (Acid Red 92)?
Phloxine B, also called phloxine and Acid Red 92, is a red, water-soluble dye used for coloring food and beverage items in Japan and drugs and cosmetics in the United States. Fluorescein is the raw material, but it is distinct from fluorescein in that xanthene rings 2, 4, 5, and 7 contain bromine, and carboxyphenyl rings contain chlorine.
Furthermore, the maximum wavelength for absorption is approximately 540 nm, and the maximum wavelength for emission is 564 nm.
Product information
Here is a product detail: Phloxine B, Acid Red 92:
- Product Name: Phloxine B
- Product Synonyms: Acid Red 92; Cyanosine; C.I. Acid Red 92; D&C Red No. 28; Eosin Blue; Eosine Blue; Food Dye Red No. 104; Phloxin B;
- Phloxine B; Phloxine P; Fluorescein, 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-, disodium salt; Spiro[isobenzofuran-1(3H),9′-[9H]xanthen]-3-one, 2′,4′,5′,7′-tetrabromo-4,5,6,7-tetrachloro-3′,6′-
- dihydroxy-, disodium salt.
- λmax: 551 nm
- SMILES: BrC1=C([O-])C(Br)=CC2=C1OC3=C(Br)C([O-])=C(Br)C=C3C24C(C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C5Cl)=C5C(O4)=O.[Na+].[Na+]
- InChi Code: InChI=1S/C20H4Br4Cl4O5.2Na/c21-5-1-3-17(9(23)15(5)29)32-18-4(2-6(22)16(30)10(18)24)20(3)8-7(19(31)33-20)11(25)13(27)14(28)12(8)26;;/h1-2,29-30H;;/q;2*+1/p-2
- InChi Key: OOYIOIOOWUGAHD-UHFFFAOYSA-L
- C.I. No: 45410.
- CAS Number: 18472-87-2
- Molecular Formula: C20H2Br4Cl4Na2O5
- Formula Weight: 829.6
- Purity: ≥95%
- Formulation: A crystalline solid
Read More: Coloring Agents Are Added to Medicines: Benefits & Risks
Uses of Phloxine B
Phloxine B is a red dye used in various industrial applications, including drugs, cosmetics, and foods. It is also popular as an alternative to Gram staining to differentiate Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria.
Here are some of the primary uses of Phloxine B:
- Phloxine B is most commonly used to color drugs and cosmetics in the United States and foods, such as cakes, candy, biscuits, sausages, and confectionery products in Japan.
- The recommended dosage of Phloxine B is 5~100mg/kg.
- Phloxine B functions as a biological stain and a viability dye.
- It is an adsorption indicator mainly for Mallory’s brilliant pink-methylene blue staining.
Phloxine B – Acid Red 92 – D&C Red 28: Understanding safety regulations
Phloxine B, or Acid Red 92 and D&C Red 28, is a red dye used as a color additive for coloring drugs, cosmetics, and foods. Here are some safety regulations for Phloxine B, regulated by the authorities and government bodies:
- Hair dye: The Scientific Committee on Consumer Safety (SCCS) says that Acid Red 92 is safe to use at concentrations of up to 2% in oxidative hair dye and 0.4% in non-oxidative hair dye.
- Personal protective equipment: When working closely with Phloxine B, it’s recommended that you wear the right personal protective equipment, such as gloves, an apron, a lab coat, or eye protection.
- Spills and leaks: Clean up spills immediately and place the material in a suitable disposal container.
- Skin and eye irritation: When not used properly, Phloxine B may cause eye or skin irritation in some cases.
- Dust explosions: It is possible for a dust explosion to occur in high concentrations of powdered Phloxine B. Regularly clean surfaces and never use vacuum cleaners with flammable attachments. The best way to prevent this is to use vacuum cleaners without ignition sources.
- Organic solvents: It is possible to experience physiological effects with organic solvents at low concentrations.
- Aqueous solutions: It’s advised not to store the aqueous solutions of Phloxine B for more than one day. The other side effects of Phloxine B include a runny nose, skin rash, blurred vision, anaphylactic shock, and wheezing.
Industrial Applications of Phloxine B
Phloxine B, also known as Acid Red 92 and D&C Red 28, is currently regulated as a colorant, with CI No. 45410 permitted for use in different drugs and cosmetic products. Acid Red No. 92 is also widely used for coloring food and beverage products in Japan.
Permitted are also the insoluble barium, strontium, and zirconium lakes, salts, and pigments of this colorant. There is a limitation of 1% on the content of 2-(6-hydroxy-3-oxo- (3H) xanthene-9-yl)benzoic acid and of 2% on the content of 2-(bromo-6-hydroxy-3-oxo- (3H)xanthen-9-yl)benzoic acid. Acid Red 92 can also be used directly to produce oxidative hair dye at a maximum concentration of 2%.
Furthermore, it is also used to formulate semi-permanent hair dye at a maximum concentration of 0.4% in the finished cosmetic product.
Conclusion
The bottom line is that Phloxine B is a red dye widely used as a color additive for coloring cosmetics and drugs in the United States and food & beverages in Japan. This red dye is popular for its wide range of industrial applications, improving the visual appearance of the products to which they are applied.
There are some restrictions and limitations on using Phloxine B to ensure precise safety and product efficacy. Are you a business or an individual entrepreneur seeking valuable information on Phloxine B or Acid Red 92 – D&C Red 28? Get in touch with us today.
